Bag Valve Mask (Ambu Maskesi)

thingiverse

Bag Valve Mask We are the Bahcesehir High School for Science and Technology robotics team BAHCESEHIR INTEGRA. We participate in the robotics tournament FIRST, the largest STEM organization in the world, organizes where 10.000 teams compete every year and strive to represent our country the best way we can. By making it to the top 3 in a tournament where teams supported by companies like NASA and Intel compete, we have proved to thousands of people what the Turkish youth can do when given the opportunity. As students who have worked on not only our robot but also science and technology projects to benefit the society, we have concentrated our researches on the COVID-19 pandemic and talked about the reasons we value the mechanical ventilator we have prototyped with the material that can be found in Turkey in this text we have put together from various references: Coronavirus, that has broken out in the Chinese city Wuhan in December 2019 and made the whole world anxious after being announced as a pandemic,1 has led to deaths and respiratory insufficiencies in some cases by filling up the lungs with liquid. Due to this, the vital importance of mechanical ventilators2 that help the exchange of the carbon dioxide in the lungs to oxygen, in other words breathing with artificial respiration, has increased greatly in the last few months.3 World Health Organization has announced that the COVID-19 pandemic will “get worse before getting better” in most countries, and revealed the need of mechanical ventilators by making a warning about the possibility of the global shortage of equipment as nations try to slow the spread of the virus in their own countries and gradually draining resources.4 Developed countries, on the contrary of having enough ventilators for steady use, aren’t prepared to withstand situations of mass casualty cases mentioned above, such as natural disasters, mass spread of toxic chemicals and flu outbreaks. According to the national preparation plan announced by George W. Bush in November 2005, America will need 742.500 ventilators in the worst-case scenario caused by an outbreak.5 According to the up to date public data, a study conducted in 2010 shows that the number of ventilators with all qualities USA Emergency Services has ( with the information that whether the production belongs to the United States of America is unclear ), is approximately 62.000- although the real numbers aren’t public, it is known that there are certain machines among the federally stocked emergency materials. Calculations show that 28.883 (%46.4) of the machines can be used to give oxygen to kids or newborns. According to another foreseen scenario, during a heavy flu outbreak, the demand for patients to mechanical ventilators will increase at least by %25.6 The interview Britain’s Minister of Health Mat Hancock gave to BBC, is an epitome of this situation being reflected in the press. Hancock acknowledged that his call for help to engineering firms to expedite the manufacturing of vital pieces of equipment due to the worsening case of Corona Virus is such an important precaution that would be taken only in warfare. The statement the Ministry of Health gave to Sky News states the number of ventilators in Britain as 5.000, yet it’s expressed that the required amount is so much more than this. Yet it is still uncertain whether engineering firms such as auto manufacturers that have no experience in ventilator production will or will not manufacture complicated medical devices.7 In Italy, where 2.503 of 31.500 cases resulted in death,8 the ministry of health affirmed that their effort to increase the number of intensive care beds and ventilators might not meet the expectations. Hamilton, a company based in America, indicated that one company can’t meet Italy’s order demand; Hamilton’s Swedish opponent, which manufactures 10.000 ventilators per year, Getinge’s spokesperson Anna Appelqvist interpreted the situation as “I don’t think there is a supplier or a medical technology company that can manufacture 5.000 units, just like that. Probably, there will be more than one company working on this.”.9 In developing countries such as Turkey, ventilators are shared out amongst hospitals and less reliable ones are preferred when being purchased, due to their high costs as up to $ 30.000 and the high maintenance fees of their delicate mechanisms.11 Given such data, considering the insufficiency of existing systems, it’s obvious that there is a need for ventilators that are free of charge, portable and can be manufactured demand driven. With our motto “Unless robotic and technology contribute life, what do they cater for?”, we, as BAHCESEHIR INTEGRA, prototyped a ventilator that can be manufactured in a cheap and fast way with the materials that can be found in Turkey, in order to help this tough situation as much as we can. Our prototype, meeting the need of a surgeon, provides an artificial air supply to the patients, by the compression of the balloonlike structure (bag valve mask or Ambu bag) which automatically inflates with the oxygen within. As high school students, we’re aware of the fact that the prototype we have built can’t be used in a real case, in terms of health standards. Yet, with this prototype generated with the knowledge we have acquired from the robotic systems we have built over the years, we’re doing our best to transfer this knowledge in the area, to our community. We think that the firms which can manufacture this vitally significant device in the COVID-19 process can manufacture them swiftly and cheaply before they’re urgently needed. Reference: 1https://time.com/5791661/who-coronavirus-pandemic-declaration/ 2https://web.mit.edu/2.75/projects/DMD_2010_Al_Husseini.pdf 3https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51896168 4https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-draegerwerk-ventil/germany-italy-rush-to-buy-life-saving-ventilators-as-manufacturers-warn-of-shortages-idUSKBN210362 5https://web.mit.edu/2.75/projects/DMD_2010_Al_Husseini.pdf 6http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/200214-VentilatorAvailability-factsheet.pdf 7https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51896168 8https://time.com/5791661/who-coronavirus-pandemic-declaration/ 9https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-draegerwerk-ventil-idUSKBN21036 2?taid=5e6c0b830286ed0001efc056:+Trending+Content 10https://www.incekara.com.tr/tr/gazete/sayi-64/yogun-bakim-ve-ameliyathanelerde-hastanin-yasam-kaynagi-ventilator-cihazlari 11https://web.mit.edu/2.75/projects/DMD_2010_Al_Husseini.pdf Best Regards, BAHCESEHIR INTEGRA