Christian Cross No 01 3D print model

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Christian cross Main articles: Christian cross and Crucifixion Further information: Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion, Early Christian symbols, Christogram, Christian cross variants, and Cross necklace Early use of a globus cruciger on a solidus minted by Leontios (r. 695–698); on the obverse, a stepped cross in the shape of a Iota Eta monogram. The shape of the cross (crux, stauros stake, gibbet), as represented by the letter T, came to be used as a seal or symbol of Early Christianity by the 2nd century.[17] Clement of Alexandria in the early 3rd century calls it τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον (the Lord's sign) he repeats the idea, current as early as the Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was a foreshadowing (a type) of the cross (the letter Tau) and of Jesus (the letters Iota Eta).[18] Clement's contemporary Tertullian rejects the accusation that Christians are crucis religiosi (i.e. adorers of the gibbet), and returns the accusation by likening the worship of pagan idols to the worship of poles or stakes.[19] In his book De Corona, written in 204, Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross.[20] While early Christians used the T-shape to represent the cross in writing and gesture, the use of the Greek cross and Latin cross, i.e. crosses with intersecting beams, appears in Christian art towards the end of Late Antiquity. An early example of the cruciform halo, used to identify Christ in paintings, is found in the Miracles of the Loaves and Fishes mosaic of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna (6th century). The Patriarchal cross, a Latin cross with an additional horizontal bar, first appears in the 10th century. A wide variation of cross symbols is introduced for the purposes of heraldry beginning in the age of the Crusades.[21]