forceX v1

thingiverse

forceX assembly instructions ==================== (3D-printed v.1) I. Resources and further reading --------------------- The forceX setup is a reproducible advancement of the design introduced by Herrel et al. (1999) and was published in the following article: Rühr, PT & Blanke, A (**2022**): forceX and forceR: a mobile setup and R package to measure and analyze a wide range of animal closing forces. The **‘forceR’** package for closing force analyses (written in the programming environment R (R Core Team, 2021)) is [available at CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/forceR/index.html). <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51719919406_8a375d5cca_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> A video of the assembly instructions is available on Youtube: https://youtu.be/xabIewPMVuU II. Parts lists for forceX measurement unit --------------------- #### **Table 1:** 3D-printed components. All components should be printed in PLA filament, since this material is less flexible than other common materials like ABS, ASA or PETG. | component | amount | |----------------------------------|---------------| | base plate | 1 | | main body | 1 | | lever | 1 | | microscope flange | 1 | | microscope slider | 1 | | bottom tip element holder | 1 | | cam holder back | 1 | | rod connector | 2 | | rod cam connector | 1 | | M5 knob | 7 | #### **Table 2:** Generic components. | component | amount | |-------------------------------------------|---------------| | M1 bolt 3 mm | 6 | | M1 hex nut | 6 | | M2 threaded rod 16 mm | 1 | | M2 hex nut | 1 | | M2 bolts (from microscope) | 3 | | M2 washers (from microscope) | 3 | | M3 bolt 16 mm | 10 | | M3 hex nut | 5 | | M5 hex bolt 20 mm | 4 | | M5 hex nut | 2 | | M5 wing nut | 2 | | M5 washer | 2 | | 12 mm diameter rod (e.g. aluminum pipe)| s.b. | | AA battery | 2 | | flexible cable (1-core & 2-core) | | The 12 mm diameter rod should be cut into the following pieces: * main rod: 90 mm * microscope rod: 100 mm * camera module rods: depending on focal range of camera. We used two 100 mm rods for a 5-MP RPi Camera (B) rev. 2.0 with adjustable focus (Waveshare, Shenzhen, China). #### **Table 3:** Off-the-shelf and custom components. | component | amount | |-----------------------------------------------------|---------------| | Kistler 9215A | 1 | | Kistler 1651C1 | 1 | | microscope (e.g. Bresser Junior Stereo 3D) | 1 | | tip element | 2 | III. Parts list for power source --------------------- #### **Table 4:** Parts lists for power source. | component | amount | |------------------------------------------------------|---------------| | box | 1 | | banana jack | 3 | | 2-way toggle switch (e.g. Eledis 1A series) | 1 | | LED: red, 3 mm, 3V, 15mA | 1 | | resistor: 9.1 kΩ | 1 | | 9 V battery clip connector | 4 | | 9V battery | 4 | | 1-core flexible cable | | IV. Parts list for charge amplifier --------------------- For the parts list of the analog charge amplifier see **IX. Schematics of custom electronics: Charge amplifier**. For help in building this device, please contact M. Dübbert (Scientific Electronics & Experimental Design, Group of Prof. Büschges, University of Cologne). V. Additional parts --------------------- #### **Table 6:** Additional parts list. | component | amount | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------| | LabJack U3-HV | 1 | | cable: circular 3-pin connector plug (e.g. GTX12-3) to 3 x male banana plugs | 1 | | cable: BNC connector to 2-threaded wire | 1 | | cable: USB type-A to USB type-B | 1 | VI. Assembly instructions --------------------- The following pages will guide you through the assembly of the forceX measurement system. At the end of this document you will find overview drawings of the whole setup and photos of additional components such as the custom charge amplifier and power source. #### Step 1 | part | amount | type | |----------------------|---------------|----------------| | main body | 1 | printed | | M3 bolt 16 mm | 1 | generic | Screw the **M3 bolt** into the **main body**. The **bolt** will act as the fulcrum for the **lever**. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51718801382_0f47fb1919_c.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720268304_64c0a26559_c.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 2 | part | amount | type | |---------------------------------|---------------|----------------| | bottom bite plate holder | 1 | printed | | M1 bolt 3 mm | 3 | generic | | M1 hex nut | 3 | generic | | tip element | 1 | custom | Insert the **M1 hex nuts** into the recesses on the lower side of the **bottom tip element holder** using a soldering iron. Then, use the **M1 bolts** to fasten the **tip element** to the **bottom tip element holder**. Make sure to hand-tighten the bolts so that the **tip element** does not bend. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51718800957_9529dca5a3_c.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483185_fc3cd4fb2c_c.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 3 | part | amount | type | |----------------------|---------------|----------------| | M3 bolt 16 mm | 2 | generic | | M3 hex nut | 2 | generic | Insert the **M3 hex nuts** to the **main body** and tighten the **bottom tip element holder** to using the **M3 bolts**. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483160_4640d945b0_c.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483185_fc3cd4fb2c_c.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 4 | part | amount | type | |------------------------------|---------------|--------------------| | Kistler 1651C1 | 1 | proprietary | | Kistler 9215A | 1 | proprietary | | M2 threaded rod 16 mm | 1 | generic | | M3 bolt 16 mm | 2 | generic | | M3 hex nut | 2 | generic | Insert the **Kistler 9215A** force transducer into the hexagonal hole in the **main body**. Use the **M3 bolts** and **M3 hex nuts** to secure the **force** **transducer** in place. Insert the **M2 threaded rod** into the **force transducer**. Attach the **Kistler 1651C1** cable to the **force transducer.** <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51718800897_330bbcef31_c.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720267984_c86b84ba1d_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 5 | part | amount | type | |----------------------|---------------|----------------| | lever | 1 | printed | | M1 bolt 3 mm | 3 | generic | | M1 hex nut | 3 | generic | | M2 hex nut | 1 | generic | | M3 bolt 16 mm | 4 | generic | | tip element | 1 | custom | Screw the **M3 bolts **into the **lever**. These add stability to the lever and prevent bending. Attach the second **tip element** using the **M1 bolts** and **hex nuts** as described in Step 2. Place the **lever** on the **main body** and secure the **M2 hex nut** on the **M2 threaded rod** in the **force transducer**. The position of this **nut** on the **rod** defines the rotation of the **lever** and thus the gape distance at the **tip elements**. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51719862413_76b72a3840_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483545_903c5ccb2f_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 6 | part | amount | type | |-----------------------|---------------|----------------| | base plate | 1 | printed | | main rod 90 mm | 1 | generic | Insert the **main rod** (e.g., a 90 mm piece of a hollow, aluminum rod with a dimater of 12 mm), into the **base plate** and attach the **main body** on its upper side. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720268409_6f6b87caa5_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720268399_18d0657f6d_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 7 | part | amount | type | |----------------------|---------------|----------------| | M3 bolt 16 mm | 1 | generic | | M3 hex nut | 1 | generic | Use the **M3 bolt** and **hex nut** to secure the **main body** on the **main rod**. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51719862833_fe14951db8_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51718801287_b7007a93df_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 8 | part | amount | type | |--------------------------|---------------|----------------| | M5 knob | 1 | printed | | M5 hex bolt 20 mm | 1 | generic | | M5 hex nut | 1 | generic | Insert the head of the **M5 bolt** into the 3D-printed **M5 knob** using a soldering iron. Use the **M5 bolt** assembly and the M5 **hex nut** to secure the **main rod** on the **base plate**. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483505_48b15fd133_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51719862748_21cd6d16ca_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 9 | part | amount | type | |------------------------------|---------------|----------------| | microscope flange | 1 | printed | | M5 hex bolt 20 mm | 2 | generic | | M5 washer | 2 | generic | | M5 wing nut | 2 | generic | | microscope rod 100 mm | 1 | generic | Attach the **microscope rod** (e.g., a 100 mm piece of a hollow, aluminum rod with a dimater of 12 mm) to the **microscope flange**. Use the **M5 bolts**, **washers** and **wing nuts** to attach the **microscope flange** to the **base plate**. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483480_871ca6d8cf_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483455_16a464f422_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 10 | part | amount | type | |--------------------------|---------------|----------------| | microscope slider | 1 | printed | | M5 knob | 1 | printed | | M5 bolt 20 mm | 1 | generic | | M5 hex nut | 1 | generic | Attach the **M5 knob** to the **M5 bolt** as described in Step 8. Attach the **microscope slider** to the **main rod** and use the **M5 bolt** assembly to secure the **slider** in place. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51719605866_ca59d96b2c_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51719862703_b24bce8fb9_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 11 | part | amount | type | |----------------------|---------------|----------------| | battery connection wire | 1 | generic | Take a short, one-stranded piece of electrical wire and wind it around the **base plate** battery holder outer holes so that the poles of the batteries will be connected. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720268294_8400bc4d96_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483375_7b9cb5b560_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 12 | part | amount | type | |----------------------|---------------|----------------| | battery to microscope cable | 1 | generic | Take a two-cored piece of **cable** and wind one strand each around the **base plate** battery holder inner holes at the 'plus' and 'minus' signs, respectively. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720268204_4eebcb6085_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51719605721_84e9c3dc58_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 13 | part | amount | type | |------------------------------|---------------|--------------------| | microscope | 1 | proprietary | | M2 microscope bolts | 3 | generic | | M2 microscope washers | 3 | generic | Screw the **microscope** (we used a Bresser Junior Stereo 3D) to the **microscope slider**. Make sure that the microscope cable slides through the big hole of the **slider**. Use the **M2 bolts** and **washers** of the microscope to fasten it on the **slider**. Connect the two strands of the cable of Step 12 to the microscope cable s, observing polarity. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483275_f62de4e3af_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483275_f62de4e3af_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Step 14 | part | amount | type | |----------------------|---------------|----------------| | AA battery | 2 | generic | Slide the two **AA batteries** into the **base plate** battery holders, observing polarity as indicated by the 'plus' and 'minus' signs on the **base plate**. Once the batteries are in place, the microscope LED should automatically switch on. <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720483220_49d44ec917_z.jpg" width = 200> → <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51718801002_ea11d3972c_z.jpg" width = 200> </center> #### Camera module Note that the above description does not yet show the camera module. However, we think that the following figure should help in setting it up. Python code to run the camera on Raspbian is available on Zenodo: [](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6412366). <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51981205002_6f26c4b628_b.jpg" width = 500> </center> VII. Schematics of forceX measurement unit --------------------- #### Overview <center> <img src="https://Peter-T-Ruehr.github.io/Fig2_drawing.svg"width = 500> </center> #### Exploded view and component names <center> <img src="https://Peter-T-Ruehr.github.io/explosion_parts_list_cr.svg"width = 500> </center> | Item | Part Number | Type | | Item | Part Number | Type | |-------------|---------------------------------|--------------------|---|-------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------| | 1 | Main body | printed | | 36 | M1 hex nut | generic | | 4 | Base plate | printed | | 37 | M1 bolt 6mm | generic | | 6 | Miscroscope flange | printed | | 38 | Upper tip element | custom | | 7 | Microscope rod 100 mm | generic | | 39 | M1 bolt 6mm | generic | | 8 | Microscope slider | printed | | 40 | M1 hex nut | generic | | 9 | Microscope | proprietary | | 41 | M1 bolt 6mm | generic | | 10 | Lower tip element holder | printed | | 42 | M1 hex nut | generic | | 11 | Main rod 90 mm | generic | | 43 | M1 hex nut | generic | | 12 | Lower tip element | custom | | 44 | M1 bolt 6mm | generic | | 13 | M5 knob | printed | | 45 | M1 bolt 6mm | generic | | 14 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | | 46 | M1 hex nut | generic | | 15 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | | 47 | M1 bolt 6mm | generic | | 16 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | | 48 | M1 hex nut | generic | | 17 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | | 49 | M2 threaded rod 16 mm | generic | | 18 | M3 hex nut | generic | | 50 | M2 hex nut | generic | | 19 | M3 hex nut | generic | | 51 | M2 bolt (from microscope) | generic | | 20 | M3 hex nut | generic | | 52 | M2 washer (from microscope) | generic | | 21 | M5 hex bolt | generic | | 53 | M2 washer (from microscope) | generic | | 22 | M5 wing nut | generic | | 54 | M2 bolt (from microscope) | generic | | 23 | M5 washer | generic | | 55 | M2 washer (from microscope) | generic | | 24 | M5 washer | generic | | 56 | M2 bolt (from microscope) | generic | | 25 | M5 wing nut | generic | | 64 | KISTLER 9215A | proprietary | | 26 | M5 hex bolt | generic | | 65 | Kistler 1651C | proprietary | | 27 | M5 hex nut | generic | | 66 | Battery connection wire | generic | | 28 | M5 hex bolt | generic | | 70 | Cable batteries to microscope | generic | | 29 | M5 hex bolt | generic | | 71 | Cable mircoscope | generic | | 30 | M5 hex nut | generic | | 72 | AA battery | generic | | 31 | M5 knob | printed | | 73 | AA battery | generic | | 32 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | | 74 | Lever | printed | | 33 | M3 hex nut | generic | | 75 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | | 34 | M3 hex nut | generic | | 76 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | | 35 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | | 77 | M3 bolt 16 mm | generic | #### Projected views (all directions) <center> <img src="https://Peter-T-Ruehr.github.io/explosion_cr.svg"> </center> VIII. Schematics of tip elements and exemplary edge shapes --------------------- <center> <img src="https://Peter-T-Ruehr.github.io/iBite v1_bite_plates.svg" width = 250> <img src="https://Peter-T-Ruehr.github.io/iBite v1_bite_plates_detail.svg" width = 250> </center> IX. Additional diagrams and photos --------------------- #### Charge amplifier for piezo-electric force transducer <center> <img src="https://Peter-T-Ruehr.github.io/Piezo_amp_220-A_and_power_suppl.svg"width = 500> </center> <br> <br> <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51719791981_06d0d4a8f9_z.jpg" width = 500> </center> #### Power source <center> <img src="https://Peter-T-Ruehr.github.io/forceX_powersource_schematics.svg" width = 500> </center> <br> <br> <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51720455939_212340ae38_z.jpg" width = 500> </center> --------------------- #### Full setup <center> <img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51718990367_6904c33986_z.jpg" width = 500> </center> References ==================== * Herrel, A., Spithoven, L., van Damme, R., & de Vree, F. (1999). Sexual dimorphism of head size in *Gallotia galloti*: Testing the niche divergence hypothesis by functional analyses. Functional Ecology, 13(3), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00305.x * R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org