IJN Mogami Low-poly 3D model
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For the 1931 Fleet Replenishment Program, believing themselves understrength in cruisers, the IJN chose to build to the maximum allowed by the Washington Naval Treaty. This resulted in the choice of 155 mm (6.1 in) guns in five triple turrets (a first for Japan) in the Mogamis, also capable of 55° elevation, making the Mogamis one of the very few classes of cruiser to have a dual purpose (DP) main battery; this was coupled with very heavy anti-aircraft protection, as well as the standard reloadable, turreted torpedo launchers, also unique to the IJN. To save weight and improve transverse stability, the class was given a more compact and lower superstructure, electric welding was used, as was aluminium in the superstructure. Aiming to meet the weight limits compelled them to fit only ten boilers (compared to twelve in the previous Takao and MyÅkÅ classes), and the chimney arrangement was designed to minimize weight as well; the middle funnel featured no chimney of its own, instead venting its exhaust gasses into the underside of the forward chimney, which itself was reclined from its base so that, at its top, it merged with the aft funnel's chimney. The new geared impulse turbines added 22,000 shaft horsepower (16,000 kW) over Atago, increasing the top speed by 1.5 knots (2.8 km/h). Protection, however, was not stinted on; the class proved able to take substantial punishment. The declared weight was 8,500 tons, though the true design weight was 9,500 and at trials they would displace 11,169 tons. The designers, however, had overreached; excessive topweight led to instability, and gunnery trials revealed cracking hull welds. Hull bulges were retrofitted to Mogami and Mikuma, and added to Kumano and Suzuya, increasing beam to 20.5 m (67 ft) and displacement to 11,200 tons, cutting speed by 2 knots (3.7 km/h). Following Japan's withdrawal from the Second London Naval Treaty, plans were made to modernize and expand the entire fleet. Beginning in 1939, the class was brought in for substantial reconstruction, replacing the triple 155 mm turrets with twin 203 mm (8-inch) guns, turning over the 155 mm turrets for the battleships of the Yamato class. Indeed, the designers had designed the class in mind so that the 6-inch guns could be switched with 8-inch batteries, in effect making them heavy cruisers and skirting the London Naval Treaty, though the Japanese had withdrawn from the conference and were not signatories to the Second London Naval Treaty of 1936. Torpedo bulges were also added; in all, displacement rose to over 13,000 tons, and speed dropped to 34.5 knots (63.9 km/h). The United States Navy's Brooklyn-class cruisers were designed specifically to counter the Mogami class, and as a result had a very similar armament to the pre-refit Mogamis, in a nearly identical layout, though the US-pattern Mark 16/1 triple 6 in /47 Turret weapon was semi-automatic, with a higher rate of fire and the three weapons in each turret mounted in a single sleeve. Japan's choice of the 155 mm gun caliber is curious, as Japan already had a 6-inch (152 mm) weapon in service, of nearly equal performance. In spite of the resulting multiplicity of similar gun calibers, Japan resented the 5-5-3 treaty ratios, and had vowed to build to the very limit allowed by the 1922 Washington and 1930 London Naval Treaties. As the French had already used a 155 mm main battery in the three Duguay-Trouin-class cruisers (1922â1926), this became the largest gun caliber allowed for light cruisers under the 1930 London Naval Treaty. ÐÑейÑеÑа Ñипа «Ðогами» (Ñп. æä¸åå·¡æ´è¦ ÐогамигаÑа дзÑнÑÑ:кан) â ÑеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð· ÑеÑÑÑÑÑ ÑпонÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÐºÑейÑеÑов поÑÑÑойки 1930-Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð². ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ ÑазÑабаÑÑвалÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñоне подпиÑанного в 1930 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐондонÑкого моÑÑкого договоÑа, лиÑивÑего Ð¯Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° пеÑиод дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого ÑоглаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (1931â1936) возможноÑÑи ÑÑÑоиÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñе ÑÑжÑлÑе кÑейÑеÑа. ÐовÑе кÑейÑеÑа Ñ 155-мм аÑÑиллеÑией главного калибÑа (ÐÐ) бÑли пÑÐ¸Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ, вÑполнÑÑ Ñе же боевÑе задаÑи. ÐеÑом 1931 года бÑл ÑÑвеÑждÑн ÑозданнÑй по ÑÑководÑÑвом капиÑана 1-го Ñанга ÐикÑо ФÑдзимоÑо базовÑй пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ â C-37. ÐÐ°ÐºÐ°Ð·Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑÑÑе кÑейÑеÑа бÑли вÑÐ´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð² маÑÑе 1931 года в ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐеÑвой пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑлоÑа. СÑÑоиÑелÑÑÑво пеÑвой паÑÑ, полÑÑивÑей Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Â«Ðогами» и «ÐикÑма», велоÑÑ Ð² 1931â1935 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñ ÐÑÑеналом ÑлоÑа в ÐÑÑÑ Ð¸ веÑÑÑÑ Â«ÐиÑÑбиÑи» в ÐагаÑаки. ÐÑоÑой паÑÑ, «СÑдзÑи» и «ÐÑмано» â в 1933â1937 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñ ÐÑÑеналом ÑлоÑа в ÐокоÑÑке и веÑÑÑÑ Â«ÐаваÑаки» в ÐобÑ. ÐÑейÑеÑа пÑедÑÑавлÑли Ñобой гладкопалÑбнÑе коÑабли Ñ S-обÑазной ноÑовой оконеÑноÑÑÑÑ, волнообÑазной веÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ палÑбой и маÑÑивной ноÑовой надÑÑÑойкой. ÐоÑпÑÑ Ð±Ñл макÑималÑно облегÑÑн за ÑÑÑÑ ÑменÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑолÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÑов обÑивки и пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑлекÑÑоÑваÑки. ЧеÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑоÑÑÑÐ±Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑановка моÑноÑÑÑÑ 152 000 л. Ñ. (111,8 ÐÐÑ) обеÑпеÑивала макÑималÑнÑÑ ÑкоÑоÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð° 37 Ñзлов, а Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ñ Ñоплива позволÑл пÑойÑи 8000 моÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ð»Ñ 14-ÑзловÑм Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼. ÐлавнÑй ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ°Ð±Ð»Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑал пÑÑнадÑаÑÑ 155-мм оÑÑдий Тип 3 Ñ Ð´Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑвола 60 калибÑов в пÑÑи ÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑдийнÑÑ Ð±Ð°ÑеннÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ°Ñ , Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÐºÑималÑной далÑноÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑелÑÐ±Ñ 27,4 км. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÑÑнÑÑ Ñелей имелиÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑнивеÑÑалÑнÑÑ 127-мм оÑÑдий Тип 89 в ÑеÑÑÑÑÑ ÑпаÑеннÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸ два 40-мм авÑомаÑа Ñипа «Ðи» (Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑÑÑе ÑпаÑеннÑÑ 25-мм авÑомаÑа и два ÑпаÑеннÑÑ 13,2-мм пÑлемÑÑа Тип 93). РазвиÑое ÑоÑпедное вооÑÑжение вклÑÑало ÑеÑÑÑе ÑÑÑоеннÑÑ 610-мм ÑоÑпеднÑÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑа Ñ ÑиÑÑемой Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¸Ñованной пеÑезаÑÑдки, ÑаÑÑÑиÑаннÑÑ Ð½Ð° иÑполÑзование паÑогазовÑÑ ÑоÑпед Ñип 90. Ðа боÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÑи ÑазведÑваÑелÑнÑÑ Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑоÑамолÑÑа, запÑÑкаемÑÑ Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÑапÑлÑÑ Ð°ÑÑенала ÐÑÑÑ Ð¢Ð¸Ð¿ â 2 мод. 3. ÐÑÐ¾Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑа кÑейÑеÑа бÑла ÑаÑÑÑиÑана на пÑикÑÑÑие погÑебов Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ 203-мм ÑнаÑÑдов, а ÑнеÑгеÑиÑеÑкой ÑÑÑановки â Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ 155-мм ÑнаÑÑдов; ÑолÑина пÑикÑÑваÑÑего Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñоневого поÑÑа доÑÑигала 140 и 100 мм, ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвенно. ÐижнÑÑ ÐºÑомка поÑÑа игÑала ÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑивоÑоÑпедной пеÑебоÑки, ÑвеÑÑ Ñ ÑÑи оÑÑеки накÑÑвала бÑÐ¾Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°Ð»Ñба ÑолÑиной Ð¾Ñ 35 до 60 мм, Ð±Ð¾ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑÑбка заÑиÑалаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ 100 мм бÑони. Ðкипаж коÑÐ°Ð±Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½ бÑл ÑоÑÑоÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð· 930 Ñеловек, в Ñом ÑиÑле 70 оÑиÑеÑов. РпÑоÑеÑÑе ÑÑÑоиÑелÑÑÑва и в наÑале ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ ÐºÑейÑеÑа пÑоÑли в 1934â37 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð²Ðµ маÑÑÑабнÑе модеÑнизаÑии, напÑавленнÑе на ÑлÑÑÑение пÑоÑноÑÑи коÑпÑÑов и оÑÑойÑивоÑÑи. Ð 1939â40 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñли Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ð°Ñни ÐÐ Ñ 155-мм на 203-мм, как пеÑвонаÑалÑно и планиÑовалоÑÑ. СведÑннÑе в 7-Ñ Ð´Ð¸Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÐºÑейÑеÑа Ñипа «Ðогами» акÑивно ÑÑаÑÑвовали в боевÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑвиÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¢Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð¾ÐºÐµÐ°Ð½Ñком ÑеаÑÑе ÐÑоÑой миÑовой войнÑ, в Ñом ÑиÑле в Ð·Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñе Ðалайи, ÐидеÑландÑкой ÐÑÑ-Ðндии, Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ в ÐндийÑкий океан, ÑÑажениÑÑ Ñ Ð°Ñолла ÐидÑÑй, Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑовов СанÑа-ÐÑÑÑ Ð¸ в ФилиппинÑком моÑе и заливе ÐейÑе. «ÐикÑма» погиб пÑи ÐидÑÑе, «СÑдзÑÑ» и «Ðогами» â пÑи ÐейÑе, а «ÐÑмано» â вÑкоÑе поÑле него. Ð Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ñ ÐºÑейÑеÑа пÑоÑли ÑÑи военнÑе модеÑнизаÑии, в Ñом ÑиÑле «Ðогами» бÑл пеÑеÑÑÑоен в авианеÑÑÑий кÑейÑеÑ
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