MANIFOLD FLOW SIMULATION

Based on the CFD simulation results on the exhaust manifold, the exhaust gas flow pattern shows that the fluid from each runner moves towards the collector with a relatively even pressure distribution in the range of around 97,206–105,126 Pa. The flow trajectory shows that the exhaust gas from each cylinder flows along the pipe geometry towards the collector without experiencing significant resistance. In the branching and runner meeting areas, flow interactions can be seen which cause the formation of vortices and local turbulence due to collisions between flows from several channels. However, a manifold design that uses a gradual transition to the collector helps reduce pressure loss and maintains smooth flow to the outlet. The highest pressure is identified at the inlet area and some parts of the bend due to changes in flow direction, while the pressure decreases gradually towards the outlet due to acceleration and expansion of the flow. Overall, the simulation results show that the exhaust manifold design is able to produce a fairly uniform flow distribution, minimize back pressure, and support a more efficient exhaust gas removal process, thereby potentially increasing engine performance and efficiency.