PIP Finger Arthroplasty

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Joint replacement is commonly performed in the PIP joint as alternatives such as joint fusion can hinder power grasp and function of the hand. The small and ring fingers are good candidates for joint replacement as they are mostly used for gross hand movements such as grasping. The index finger is a less suitable candidate for a PIP joint replacement, as it used in more fine motor tasks such a pinch and key grip, and therefore must withstand the additional sideways forces placed on the joint. These forces cause excess stress on the joint implant and can lead to early implant breakage.   During surgery the arthritic joint ends of the affected finger are removed and replaced with a prosthetic or false joint. The replacement joint may be made of either pyrocarbon or silastic (silicone) material. The replacement joint allows for some range of movement, although this may be limited as its primary purpose is pain relief.